A study by the UK's Alan Turing Institute analysing AI-enabled content during the US presidential elections couldn't find evidence it had affected the result.

However, it noted that was mainly because there was insufficient data about how it affected real-world voting behaviour.

"Despite this, deceptive AI-generated content did shape US election discourse by amplifying other forms of disinformation and inflaming political debates," the study concluded.

"From fabricated celebrity endorsements to allegations against immigrants, viral AI-enabled content was even referenced by some political candidates and received widespread media coverage."